SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19, and long covid: Saga of erratic immune response, waning immunity, and immune system failure
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction - evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants: With the unrestrained pandemic for over last one-and-half year, seems to have adapted its habitat, human host, through mutations that facilitate replication and transmission. The G variant incorporating D614G mutation, potently more transmissible than ancestral virus arose during January 2020 spread widely. Since then, various variants concern (VOCs) interest (VOIs) with higher infectivity or virulence both, evolved on background variant, infection immunodynamics: As becomes transmissible, lethality may drop. Apart from humoral immunity, T-cell recognition a previous vaccination modify disease transmission correlates clinical manifestations. On other hand, immunity generated reduce probability re-infection as well limit adaptive mutations, emergence highly infectious immune-escape variants. There are complex issues related evolutionary dynamics host’s immunodynamics. Trending etiopathoimmunological correlates: potential is limited because proofreading function nsp14. S protein affect transmissibility, virulence, vaccine efficacy. mutation in has turned Chinese epidemic into pandemic. Other variants, such Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta seem result adaptation selective pressures periods prolonged infections subsequent Further, there issue convergent association mutations. Basics immune system failure: nature response after natural variable diverse. pre-existing neutralizing antibodies sensitized T cells elicited seasonal CoVs influencing susceptibility course. mechanisms exposure IFN-I erratic overactive response. altered epitopes landscapes Conclusion: current scenarios prospects: Presently, widespread multiple evolving transition endemic phase due course manifesting mild especially younger population. Conversely, continue enhanced severity expanded pool, changing landscape. need plan continued circulation continuing indefinite period.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of pulmonology and respiratory research
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2639-9954']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.jprr.1001030